Age: The biological basis for age groups, age describes the journey between birth and death in years.
Ascribed Status: as: a social position fixed by birth, a position that cannot be changed by one’s own efforts
Authority: The possession of power which is seen as legitimate by those whom it is wielded.
Beanpole Family: Term used to describe the modern day family where people have fewer children, but are at the same time living longer, family trees are becoming longer and thinner - sometimes extending to four generations.
Birth Rate: The ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time. The birth rate is often expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year.
Cereal-packet family: Term associated with Edmund Leach to describe the romantic image of the traditional two-parent family featured on the back of corn flake packets in the 1960s.
Child centeredness: A family in which much activity and emotional energy is focused on the children, rather than adult desires.
Confluent Love: Active and causal love rather than ‘forever’ notions of romantic love.
Cohabitation: A situation where a couple lives together as man and wife without being legally married.
Commercialisation of Childhood: Where children are targeted as a key consumer group by big business.
Companionate: Term used to describe the jointness of couples, not only in terms of the tasks they perform, but equally in their leisure activities too.
Conjugal Roles: The roles played between husband and wife within a marriage with particular reference to the domestic division of labour. Elizabeth Bott argues that there are two types’ segregated and joint roles.
Civil Partnership Act 2004: Gave same-sex couples rights and responsibilities identical to civil marriage. Civil partners are entitled to the same property rights as married opposite-sex couples, the same exemption as married couples on inheritance tax, social security and pension benefits, and also the ability to get parental responsibility for a partner's children.
'Dark-side' of the family: Term used to challenge the romantic view of the family by perspectives such as feminists and Radical Psychiatrists. They highlight the extent of conflict and violence in families.
Death (Mortality) Rate: The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
Dependency ratio: The ratio within the population of those under 15 and over 65 to those between those years, i.e. of working age.
Divorce: The legal termination of a marriage.
Divorce Rate: A statistical measure of the number of divorces, usually expressed as the number of divorces in any one year per 1000 married couples in the population.
Divorce Reform Act, 1971: Introduced the concept of 'no-fault' divorce. There was a significant growth in divorce after this Act became effective in 1971.
Divorce Reform Act, 1984: The amount of time before application for divorce can be made was reduced.
Dual Burden: Is when a women has the responsibly of unpaid work and paid work
Empty-shell marriage: Term given to marriage where love and romance have long-gone and couples stay together either because divorce is not an option (say for religious reasons) or they simply cannot make the effort to separate.
Expressive Role: Term associated with Dunscombe and Marsden literally means the housewife providing the warmth, security and emotional nurturing support.
Extended Family: Is one where the nuclear family has been added to, or extended, either vertically (i.e. with grandparents, parent and children) or horizontally (i.e. with two or more brothers/sisters living with their respective spouses and children).
False Consciousness: Used by Marxists to mean ways of thinking which are the product not of real material conditions the thinker inhabits, but of the ideological forces of other groups.
Family: Two or more generations of people tied together through blood, marriage or adoption. Anthony Giddens adds how adult members are assumed to have a responsibility for caring for children.
Family diversity: A term used to describe the differing forms of family organisation typical of modern Britain
'Family paths': Term associated with Jon Bernardes to illustrate the highly varied and individual experiences people have within families according to age, gender, etc.
Fertility rate: Is the average number of children women will have between the ages of 15 and 44.
'fit', Thesis: Another name for evolutionary theory suggesting that the family changed from extended to nuclear to provide a functional fit to the new industrial society that benefited from smaller more mobile families.
Gender: Used by sociologists to describe the cultural and social attributes of men and women, which are manifested in appropriate masculinity and femininity.
Gender Division of Labour: Husbands and wives have different roles/tasks.
Household: A group of people not necessarily related who share accommodation (or meals, chores, bills etc), or one person living alone.
Hierarchy: A central concept of stratification, signifying the ordering of social positions in a structure of superiority and inferiority. Most hierarchies can be depicted as a triangle, with fewer superior positions at the top of the hierarchy than subordinate positions at the bottom.
Joint Conjugal Roles: Husband and wife share roles, tasks and/or leisure;
Individualisation: Phrase coined by David Popenoe which suggests that we place an emphasis on self-fulfilment rather than collective goals.
Infant Mortality Rate: The number of deaths in a population of infants under one years of age per thousand births.
Lone parent families: Families consisting of a dependent child or children living with one parent, usually the mother (9/10).
March of progress theory: Collective name for social theorists, usually of the functionalist perspective, who see the family evolving and adapting in a progressive way to fit the changing needs of wider society.
Marriage: A legal contract between two people of opposing sexes offering rights and obligations under law.
Marriage Rate: Is the number of marriages occurring among the population of a given area per year, per 1,000 total population.
Net Migration: the difference between the numbers emigrating and those immigrating.
Neo Conventional Family: According to Chester this family has partners who both work and may not be married. However, it is more symmetrical and happier.
Patriarchy: A form of society in which males are the rulers and leaders and exercise power, both at the level of society as a whole and within individual households.
Primary Socialisation: Instilling basic skills and values in young children.
Reconstituted Family: Such as step-family.
Secularisation: As the process in which religious thinking, practices and organisations lose their social significance.
Segregated Gender Roles: Husband and wife have a clear-cut division of labour.
Serial Monogamy: Having several marriage partners/long term relationships over the course of one’s life, one at a
time.
Social Construction: Created by society and/or by social attitudes.
Stabilisation of the adult personality: According to Parsons the family plays a key role in supporting its members emotionally.
Structurally isolated: The idea that the nuclear family is not obligated to or is independent of the extended family.
Symmetrical Family: Term coined by Willmott and Young that indicates that roles are shared more or less evenly within the family, even though they may be gender segregated.
Triple Shift: This is paid work, housework and the emotional role.
Urbanisation: The growth of cities, or the movement of population off the land into towns.
Ascribed Status: as: a social position fixed by birth, a position that cannot be changed by one’s own efforts
Authority: The possession of power which is seen as legitimate by those whom it is wielded.
Beanpole Family: Term used to describe the modern day family where people have fewer children, but are at the same time living longer, family trees are becoming longer and thinner - sometimes extending to four generations.
Birth Rate: The ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time. The birth rate is often expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year.
Cereal-packet family: Term associated with Edmund Leach to describe the romantic image of the traditional two-parent family featured on the back of corn flake packets in the 1960s.
Child centeredness: A family in which much activity and emotional energy is focused on the children, rather than adult desires.
Confluent Love: Active and causal love rather than ‘forever’ notions of romantic love.
Cohabitation: A situation where a couple lives together as man and wife without being legally married.
Commercialisation of Childhood: Where children are targeted as a key consumer group by big business.
Companionate: Term used to describe the jointness of couples, not only in terms of the tasks they perform, but equally in their leisure activities too.
Conjugal Roles: The roles played between husband and wife within a marriage with particular reference to the domestic division of labour. Elizabeth Bott argues that there are two types’ segregated and joint roles.
Civil Partnership Act 2004: Gave same-sex couples rights and responsibilities identical to civil marriage. Civil partners are entitled to the same property rights as married opposite-sex couples, the same exemption as married couples on inheritance tax, social security and pension benefits, and also the ability to get parental responsibility for a partner's children.
'Dark-side' of the family: Term used to challenge the romantic view of the family by perspectives such as feminists and Radical Psychiatrists. They highlight the extent of conflict and violence in families.
Death (Mortality) Rate: The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
Dependency ratio: The ratio within the population of those under 15 and over 65 to those between those years, i.e. of working age.
Divorce: The legal termination of a marriage.
Divorce Rate: A statistical measure of the number of divorces, usually expressed as the number of divorces in any one year per 1000 married couples in the population.
Divorce Reform Act, 1971: Introduced the concept of 'no-fault' divorce. There was a significant growth in divorce after this Act became effective in 1971.
Divorce Reform Act, 1984: The amount of time before application for divorce can be made was reduced.
Dual Burden: Is when a women has the responsibly of unpaid work and paid work
Empty-shell marriage: Term given to marriage where love and romance have long-gone and couples stay together either because divorce is not an option (say for religious reasons) or they simply cannot make the effort to separate.
Expressive Role: Term associated with Dunscombe and Marsden literally means the housewife providing the warmth, security and emotional nurturing support.
Extended Family: Is one where the nuclear family has been added to, or extended, either vertically (i.e. with grandparents, parent and children) or horizontally (i.e. with two or more brothers/sisters living with their respective spouses and children).
False Consciousness: Used by Marxists to mean ways of thinking which are the product not of real material conditions the thinker inhabits, but of the ideological forces of other groups.
Family: Two or more generations of people tied together through blood, marriage or adoption. Anthony Giddens adds how adult members are assumed to have a responsibility for caring for children.
Family diversity: A term used to describe the differing forms of family organisation typical of modern Britain
'Family paths': Term associated with Jon Bernardes to illustrate the highly varied and individual experiences people have within families according to age, gender, etc.
Fertility rate: Is the average number of children women will have between the ages of 15 and 44.
'fit', Thesis: Another name for evolutionary theory suggesting that the family changed from extended to nuclear to provide a functional fit to the new industrial society that benefited from smaller more mobile families.
Gender: Used by sociologists to describe the cultural and social attributes of men and women, which are manifested in appropriate masculinity and femininity.
Gender Division of Labour: Husbands and wives have different roles/tasks.
Household: A group of people not necessarily related who share accommodation (or meals, chores, bills etc), or one person living alone.
Hierarchy: A central concept of stratification, signifying the ordering of social positions in a structure of superiority and inferiority. Most hierarchies can be depicted as a triangle, with fewer superior positions at the top of the hierarchy than subordinate positions at the bottom.
Joint Conjugal Roles: Husband and wife share roles, tasks and/or leisure;
Individualisation: Phrase coined by David Popenoe which suggests that we place an emphasis on self-fulfilment rather than collective goals.
Infant Mortality Rate: The number of deaths in a population of infants under one years of age per thousand births.
Lone parent families: Families consisting of a dependent child or children living with one parent, usually the mother (9/10).
March of progress theory: Collective name for social theorists, usually of the functionalist perspective, who see the family evolving and adapting in a progressive way to fit the changing needs of wider society.
Marriage: A legal contract between two people of opposing sexes offering rights and obligations under law.
Marriage Rate: Is the number of marriages occurring among the population of a given area per year, per 1,000 total population.
Net Migration: the difference between the numbers emigrating and those immigrating.
Neo Conventional Family: According to Chester this family has partners who both work and may not be married. However, it is more symmetrical and happier.
Patriarchy: A form of society in which males are the rulers and leaders and exercise power, both at the level of society as a whole and within individual households.
Primary Socialisation: Instilling basic skills and values in young children.
Reconstituted Family: Such as step-family.
Secularisation: As the process in which religious thinking, practices and organisations lose their social significance.
Segregated Gender Roles: Husband and wife have a clear-cut division of labour.
Serial Monogamy: Having several marriage partners/long term relationships over the course of one’s life, one at a
time.
Social Construction: Created by society and/or by social attitudes.
Stabilisation of the adult personality: According to Parsons the family plays a key role in supporting its members emotionally.
Structurally isolated: The idea that the nuclear family is not obligated to or is independent of the extended family.
Symmetrical Family: Term coined by Willmott and Young that indicates that roles are shared more or less evenly within the family, even though they may be gender segregated.
Triple Shift: This is paid work, housework and the emotional role.
Urbanisation: The growth of cities, or the movement of population off the land into towns.