Define and explain what cultural deprivation is.
What is material deprivation?
-The main cause of underachievement and inequality of educational opportunity.
-Refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities.
-It is the lack of money and the things that money can buy.
-For example, adequate housing and income.
-Refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities.
-It is the lack of money and the things that money can buy.
-For example, adequate housing and income.
Material DeprivationA lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet, housing, clothing or the money to buy these things. It explains working class underachievement as he result of the lack of such resources.
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Research StudyHarker (2006) looks at the links between poor overcrowded housing on educational achievement. She found numerous negative effects:
-Less space to play -Less space to study -Increased bullying in school -Greater disruption due to moving house more often -Hazards to health -High rates of stress and mental illness in parents |
Influence of the home-Key influence on attainment.
-Poorer parents maybe unable to provide educational toys, computers, books… -Poverty may lead to cramped housing – have no space for homework. -More likely to need part time jobs and to finish school early. |
Differences in Ethnicity
-Ethnic groups who underachieve tend to have low incomes.
-Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2007)
-70% of Bangladeshi and 50% of Pakistani children grow up in poverty compared to 20% of white children and 30% of Indians.
-Ethnic groups who underachieve tend to have low incomes.
-Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2007)
-70% of Bangladeshi and 50% of Pakistani children grow up in poverty compared to 20% of white children and 30% of Indians.
Health
Howard suggests that young people from poorer homes have a lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals. Poor nutrition affects health, for example by weakening the immune system and lowering energy levels. This can result in longer absences from school and trouble concentrating in class.
Howard suggests that young people from poorer homes have a lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals. Poor nutrition affects health, for example by weakening the immune system and lowering energy levels. This can result in longer absences from school and trouble concentrating in class.
Poverty linked to educational achievement
In 2006, only 33% of children receiving free school meals gained 5 or more A* - C GCSE’s, in comparison to 61% of pupils not receiving free school meals.
Flaherty (2004) found money problems in the family were a significant factor in younger children’s non attendance at school.
Exclusion and truancy are more likely for children from poorer families. A third of all persistent truants leave school with no qualifications.
90% of failing schools are located in deprived areas.
In 2006, only 33% of children receiving free school meals gained 5 or more A* - C GCSE’s, in comparison to 61% of pupils not receiving free school meals.
Flaherty (2004) found money problems in the family were a significant factor in younger children’s non attendance at school.
Exclusion and truancy are more likely for children from poorer families. A third of all persistent truants leave school with no qualifications.
90% of failing schools are located in deprived areas.
Costs of Education
Tanner (2003)
Costs of transport, books, uniforms, art, music etc. heavy burden on poorer families
Poorer children rely on hand me downs or old cheaper equipment - can lead to bullying and labelling.
Flaherty believes the fear of stigmatisation may help o explain why 20% of those eligible for free school meals do not take up their entitlement.
Ridge (2002) more likely to take up part time jobs such as baby sitting and paper rounds, impacting their school work.
Few go onto university with the fear of debt due to the high tuition fees.
Tanner (2003)
Costs of transport, books, uniforms, art, music etc. heavy burden on poorer families
Poorer children rely on hand me downs or old cheaper equipment - can lead to bullying and labelling.
Flaherty believes the fear of stigmatisation may help o explain why 20% of those eligible for free school meals do not take up their entitlement.
Ridge (2002) more likely to take up part time jobs such as baby sitting and paper rounds, impacting their school work.
Few go onto university with the fear of debt due to the high tuition fees.
Education
Reay conducted research and found that more than ¼ of children at private schools received extra tuition to help them get into the best universities. Working class students were more likely to apply to local universities to reduce travel costs. This gave them less opportunities. Students from poorer backgrounds also often had to work whilst at university, which meant their degree was often of a lower quality.
Reay conducted research and found that more than ¼ of children at private schools received extra tuition to help them get into the best universities. Working class students were more likely to apply to local universities to reduce travel costs. This gave them less opportunities. Students from poorer backgrounds also often had to work whilst at university, which meant their degree was often of a lower quality.